Science-backed medications that help reduce hunger, regulate blood sugar, and support long-term weight loss.
GLP-1 receptor agonists are a class of medications that replicate the function of a naturally occurring hormone in the body: glucagon-like peptide-1. This hormone is released in the gut in response to eating, helping to regulate appetite, slow digestion, and control blood sugar levels. GLP-1 medications enhance or mimic this hormone’s function, helping the body feel fuller, longer, and improving glucose metabolism.
Originally developed for managing type 2 diabetes, GLP-1 therapies have proven highly effective in promoting weight loss—even in individuals without diabetes—by working with the body’s internal systems to naturally reduce caloric intake and stabilize insulin levels.
Unlike supplements, GLP-1 medications contain synthetic or bioengineered versions of hormones that naturally occur in the body. These active compounds are designed to bind to GLP-1 receptors in the brain and digestive tract, triggering appetite regulation and improved glucose processing.
Most GLP-1 medications use modified peptides that resist breakdown in the body, allowing them to stay active longer and require only once-daily or once-weekly dosing. These peptides are created to be structurally similar—but more stable—than the natural GLP-1 hormone.
There are several types of GLP-1 medications currently in use. These differ by duration of action, molecular structure, and mechanism of action. Here are the primary types:
1. Short-Acting GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
These medications are typically administered once or twice daily. They primarily target post-meal blood sugar spikes by slowing gastric emptying and enhancing insulin response shortly after eating.
Rapid onset, shorter duration
Focus on meal-time glucose control
May be better tolerated in people sensitive to nausea
2. Long-Acting GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Designed for once-weekly use, long-acting formulations maintain a more consistent presence in the bloodstream, providing steady appetite regulation and improved insulin sensitivity throughout the week.
Longer duration of action
Supports both fasting and postprandial blood sugar control
Stronger impact on overall appetite suppression and weight loss
3. Dual or Multi-Agonists (GLP-1 + GIP or GLP-1 + Glucagon)
This next generation of treatments stimulates multiple metabolic hormone receptors at once, such as GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) in addition to GLP-1.
Offers enhanced metabolic control through synergistic hormone signaling
Can lead to greater weight loss and better insulin sensitivity
May improve fat oxidation and energy expenditure
These multi-agonist therapies are currently among the most advanced options available and are showing promising results in both clinical trials and real-world settings.
GLP-1 therapies are powerful and should only be used under the guidance of a licensed medical provider. They are not appropriate for everyone.
Do not use GLP-1s if you:
Have a personal or family history of certain types of thyroid cancer (e.g., medullary thyroid carcinoma) or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
Have had pancreatitis or gallbladder disease unless cleared by your doctor
Are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding
Have severe gastrointestinal disease (consult your healthcare provider)
Common side effects may include:
Nausea, especially during the first few weeks
Constipation or diarrhea
Fatigue or low energy
Mild stomach cramping
Temporary decrease in appetite
To reduce side effects, your provider will typically start with a low dose and increase gradually. Staying hydrated and eating smaller meals can also help minimize discomfort.
