GLP-1 receptor agonists are a class of medications that replicate the function of a naturally occurring hormone in the body: glucagon-like peptide-1.
Unlike supplements, GLP-1 medications contain synthetic or bioengineered versions of hormones that naturally occur in the body. These active compounds are designed to bind to GLP-1 receptors in the brain and digestive tract.
Most GLP-1 medications use modified peptides that resist breakdown in the body, allowing them to stay active longer and require only once-daily or once-weekly dosing.
There are several types of GLP-1 medication ingredients currently in use. These differ by duration of action, molecular structure, and mechanism of action. Here are the primary types:
1. Short-Acting GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
These medications are typically administered once or twice daily. They primarily target post-meal blood sugar spikes by slowing gastric emptying and enhancing insulin response shortly after eating.
2. Long-Acting GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Designed for once-weekly use, long-acting formulations maintain a more consistent presence in the bloodstream, providing steady appetite regulation and improved insulin sensitivity throughout the week.
3. Dual or Multi-Agonists (GLP-1 + GIP or GLP-1 + Glucagon)
This treatment stimulates multiple metabolic hormone receptors at once, such as GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) in addition to GLP-1.
It is important to remember that GLP-1 medications are only available by prescription from a licensed medical provider. Your provider will determine whether a GLP-1 product is right for you.
The content on this website is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.
GLP-1 therapies are powerful and should only be used under the guidance of a licensed medical provider. They are not appropriate for everyone.
Do not use GLP-1s if you:
Have a personal or family history of certain types of thyroid cancer (e.g., medullary thyroid carcinoma) or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
Have had pancreatitis or gallbladder disease unless cleared by your doctor
Are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding
Have severe gastrointestinal disease (consult your healthcare provider)
Common side effects may include:
Nausea, especially during the first few weeks
Constipation or diarrhea
Fatigue or low energy
Mild stomach cramping
Temporary decrease in appetite
To reduce side effects, your provider will typically start with a low dose and increase gradually. Staying hydrated and eating smaller meals can also help minimize discomfort.
